AI

Models, agents and the practical limits of artificial intelligence.

A phone with a small orange chip next to a tall server rack, comparing a small language model with a large one.

ai · Nov 6

Small Language Model vs. LLM: What Actually Differs

Small language models trade stored knowledge for speed, privacy and lower cost. How they differ from LLMs.

An app settings panel with a privacy toggle beside a phone showing a separate data-control switch.

AI privacy · Oct 31

How to Opt Out of AI Training on ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini

Turn off consumer AI training controls in ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini, then check the feedback and retention exceptions.

A chat window sends conversation bubbles along an arrow into an orange trash bin beside a storage box and clock.

ChatGPT · Oct 30

How to Delete Your ChatGPT History and What Remains

Delete one ChatGPT conversation or all of them, then check archives, memories and separately saved files.

A camera and a photo print with a tag attached that lists capture, edit and AI steps above a signed check seal

ai · Oct 25

What Is C2PA? How Content Credentials Show a File's History

C2PA Content Credentials record how a file was made and edited. They can be stripped and do not prove a scene is true.

Illustration of a window filled with token blocks and a nearly full gauge, with old tokens leaving on the left and new tokens arriving on the right

ai · Oct 22

What Is a Context Window? How Much AI Can Read at Once

A context window is how much text an AI model can consider at once, measured in tokens, input and output together.

Token cards entering a transformer network, which outputs ranked next-token probabilities

ai · Oct 16

What Is a Large Language Model? How LLMs Work

A large language model predicts tokens from context. How training and transformers turn that into useful text.

A chat window with one highlighted line in its answer, linked to a source document where a magnifying glass shows a cross mark

ai · Oct 5

What Is AI Hallucination? Why AI Makes Things Up and How to Check

Why a language model can state something false with full confidence, and the practical checks that catch it.

A stack of documents with a magnifying glass over one highlighted passage, which is passed as an excerpt card to a chat window whose answer carries a citation marker

ai · Oct 4

What Is RAG in AI? How Retrieval-Augmented Generation Works

How an AI system looks up passages in a set of documents before it answers, and where that can still go wrong.

ai · Sep 20

Running AI Locally: What Your Laptop Can—and Cannot—Handle

Memory, model size and input length determine what your laptop can run comfortably.

ai · Aug 3

What Happens to Your Files When You Upload Them to an AI Tool?

Uploading a file raises separate questions about processing, storage, training and deletion.

ai · Jun 6

AI Agents vs. Chatbots: What Actually Changes?

An agent can use tools and take actions, while a basic chatbot mainly returns an answer.

AI explainers on Next F9 cover what AI tools can do and what happens to your data: how AI agents that use tools and take actions differ from chatbots, what happens to files you upload to an AI tool, and how memory and model size decide what a laptop can run locally. For dated developments, read AI news; for the privacy terms of nine assistants, see Are AI chatbots safe?.